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42/m fever, headache and altered sensorium





 42/M FEVER WITH HEADACHE AND BLURRING OF VISION


This is an online e log book to discuss our patient de-identified health data shared after taking his / her / guardians signed informed consent. Here we discuss our individual patients problems through series of inputs from available global online community of experts with an aim to solve those patients clinical problem with collective current best evident based input.


This E blog also reflects my patient centered online learning portfolio and your valuable inputs on the comment box is welcome.

I have been given this case to solve in an attempt to understand the topic of  " patient clinical data analysis" to develop my competency in reading and comprehending clinical data including history, clinical findings, investigations and come up with diagnosis and treatment plan.




following is the view of my case

This is a case of 42 year old male resident of kamapasagaram, Nalgonda district, working as daily wage labor presented to casualty with complains of headache and lower limb weakness since five days.

The patient initially was asymptomatic till 6 months ago. He had sudden onset of fever and SOB .

Fever without chills and rigor , no headache and nausea. Burning micturition+.

Sudden onset of SOB while working. Relieved after taking rest. He visited local hospital and was diagnosed as Hypertension with BP:200/100. On medication met-xl  25mg, chlorthalidone 12.5 mg, Telmisartan 40mg. At the same time angiogram was done which was showing mild CAD and advised medical management.

Now Complaining of Headache, blurring of vision and  generalised weakness since three days.

PRESENT HISTORY: 

Headache is sudden in onset localised to occipital and temporal regions, pricking type of pain. non radiating, no loss of consciousness, no nausea and vomiting, no history of seizures, no projectile vomiting. Associated with history of sudden onset of fever five days ago without chills and rigor. Fever lasted for one hour and subsided with medication. Burning micturition +. No episodes of vomitings and loose stools.

Patient was taken to private hospital miryalaguda for the same and was having high BP. Complains of blurred vision episodic lasting for few minutes or seconds.

Patient was diagnosed  outside to have renal failure with a creat 5.1, urea 113, BP 200/110mmhg provisionally diagnosed with undifferentiated sepsis with AKI on ?CKD with nephropathy. CT brain showing right old lacunar infarct and was referred to our hospital for hemodialysis.


PAST HISTORY

known case of Hypertension since one year. On met-xl 25,telma 40mg, chlorthalidone 12.5mg
History of mild CAD five months ago.

PERSONAL HISTORY

Married at age of 16, has three children- one boy and two girls. 
Occupation- labor
Normal appetite
Non vegetarian 
Regular bowels
No known allergies
Chronic Alcoholic since 15 years. 90ml/day

FAMILY HISTORY

No significant family history.
Siblings- 5

PHYSICAL EXAMINATION

GENERAL EXAMINATION 

bilateral pitting pedal edema 

No pallor icterus cyanosis clubbing lymphadenopathy 
Moderately nourished












VITALS

Blood pressure: 160/100mmhg
Temperature : 98 F
Pulse rate : 76bpm
Spo2: 98% at room air
GRBS :104mg/dl 

SYSTEMATIC EXAMINATION 

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
 
no thrills, no murmurs
Cardiac sound : S1 S2+

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
No dyspnea, wheeze
Centrally placed trachea
on auscultation 

ABDOMEN 
No tenderness, paplpable mass, free fluid, bruits.
Normal hernial orifices
Soft, non tender, no guarding/rigidity 
bowel sounds heard

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

Conscious 
Slurred speech
neck rigidity +
Signs of meningeal irritation 
A) brudzinski sign - negative
B) kernigs sign- negative







Cranial nerves, motor nerves, sensory system intact
Glasgow scale- e4v5m6
Higher mental functions: Intact, no delusions or hallucinations

                           RT.                           LT
TONE: UL         4+/5                         4+/5

POWER: UL.     5/5.                       5/5

REFLEXES
BICEPS          ++       ++
TRICEPS        ++       ++
SUPINATOR  ++       ++
KNEE              ++       ++
ANKLE          ++        ++
PLANTAR     flexion flexion


Fundus examination was done and no abnormality is detected 

OUTSIDE INVESTIGATIONSBrain CT was done which showed lacunar infarct (?chronic), left basofrontal lobe gliosis-sequalae, small vessel ischemic changes.

Films not available 

Hb-11.2gm% 
RBC-4.6milli/cumm, 
TLC-12,600milli/cumm 
platelet count-2.35lakhs/cumm 
MCV-78.8C/M 
PCV- 36.3vol%
MCH-24.4pg 
MCHC-30.9mg/l

 
Blood urea - 103mg/dl,
 s.creat- 4.9mg/dl 
Na+-128mEq/L, 
SGOT- 51U/L, SGPT-48U/L.

USG OF ABDOMEN: mild hepatomegaly (151mm), minimal free fuid is seen in abdomen.



INVESTIGATIONS

Day of admission









Day 2










2D echo (bedside)

severe concentric LVH+ (1.75cms)
RWMA+, LAD hypokinetic,RCA and LCX hypokinesia
mild AR+, trivial TR+/MR+
sclerotic AV, no AS/MS
EF=44%, RVSP+35mmhg
moderate LV dysfuction+
minimal PE+
no diastolic dysfunction
IVC size(1.35cms)
mild dilated LA/LV

LUMBAR PUNCTURE

PREPROCEDURE VITALS

pt  c/c/c
Temp- 98 F
BP- 160/100 mmHg
PR- 89 bpm
RR- 22 cpm
SPO2- 98% on RA
GRBS- 139 mg/dL
CVS- S1, S2 +
RS-BAE +
P/A- soft, non tender

after obtaining consent,

procedure: patient placed in sitting posistion (bent forward) skin overlying L3-L4 space identified using intervertebral space using iliac crests. area prepared and draped in sterile fashion. 3.5 inch(20/22). spinal needle introduced and advanced in single puncture into subarachnoid space. stylet removed with return of appropiate fluid(clear), csf obtained and placed in 4 vials. needle removed after adequate fluid collected.
fluid- clear procedure- uneventful





CSF CBNAAT - NEGATIVE


Post procedure vitals

Pt c/c/c
Temp- 98 F
BP- 150/90 mmHg
PR- 87 bpm
RR- 22 cpm
SPO2- 98% on RA
GRBS- 138 mg/dL
CVS- S1, S2 +
RS-BAE +
P/A- soft, non tender

Day 3 ICU






Day 4 ICU




Day 5 ICU




Day 5 ICU







Day 6 ICU



  





DIAGNOSIS

Meningitis ?bacterial ?viral ?TB with AKI on CKD with HFmEF (EF-47%) with hyponatremia
known case of hypertension since one year


TREATMENT

1. IVF 30ml/hr
2..INJ CEFTRIAXONE 2g/IV/BD
3.TAB NICARDIA 20MG TID
4 TAB METXL 50 /OD
5 TAB TELMISARTAN-40/OD
6 TAB LASIX 40/OD

Day 1 ICU

input/output - 950/1200ml


S

headache decreased 
stools passed (+)
fever spikes (-)

O

Patient is conscious, coherent, cooperative
Temp- 98.4 F
BP- 150/90 mmHg
PR- 85 bpm
RR- 18 cpm
SPO2- 99% on RA
GRBS- 106 mg/dL
CVS- S1, S2 +
RS-BAE +
P/A- soft, non tender
CNS- HMF intact normal gait sluured speech, no deviation of mouth NFND

A

?meningitis with AKI secondary to prerenal on CKD. Known case of  Hypertension since one year.

P

1) IVF NS at 50ml/hr OD
2)INJ DEXA 6MG /IV/TID
3)INJ CEFTRIAXONE 2GM/IV/TID
4) TAB CINOD 10MG/PO OD if BP>160/100mmhg
5) TAB PCM 650/PO/SOS
6)TAB LASIX 40MG PO/BD
7) Monitor vitals 2nd hourly, GRBS 4th hourly
8) Strict I/O charting
9). Inform SOS


DAY 2 ICU

input/output - 950/1250

S

no fever spikes
no headache
normal skin pinch

O

Patient is conscious, coherent, cooperative 
sensorium improved
Temp- 98.4 F
BP- 180/120 mmHg
PR- 92 bpm
RR- 22 cpm
SPO2- 98% on RA
GRBS- 153 mg/dL
CVS- S1, S2 +
RS-BAE +
P/A- soft, non tender
CNS- HMF intact normal gait normal speech, no deviation of mouth  NFND

A

Meningitis ?bacterial ?viral with AKI on CKD with HFrEF (EF-47%) with hyponatremia
known case of hypertension since one year

P

 IVF NS at 50ml/hr OD
2  INJ LASIX 40MG/PO/OD
3  INJ DEXA 6MG /IV/TID
4 INJ CEFTRIAXONE 2GM/IV/TID
5 INJ LABETALOL20mg(bolus) 5mg/hr(infusion)
6 TAB PCM 650MG/PO/SOS
7 TAB NICAARDIA 10MG/PO/OD if BP>160/100mmhg
8 TAB ULTRACET 1/2 TAB QID
Monitor vitals 2nd hourly, GRBS 4th hourly
10 Strict I/O charting
11 INFORM SOS

Day 3 ICU

S

no fever spikes
no headache
normal skin pinch

O

Patient is conscious, coherent, cooperative 
sensorium improved
Temp- 98.4 F
BP- 180/120 mmHg
PR- 92 bpm
RR- 22 cpm
SPO2- 98% on RA
GRBS- 153 mg/dL
CVS- S1, S2 +
RS-BAE +
P/A- soft, non tender
CNS- HMF intact normal gait normal speech, no deviation of mouth  NFND

A

Meningitis ?bacterial ?viral with AKI on CKD with HFrEF (EF-47%) with hyponatremia
known case of hypertension since one year



P

 IVF NS at 50ml/hr OD
2  INJ LASIX 40MG/PO/OD
3  INJ DEXA 6MG /IV/TID
4 INJ CEFTRIAXONE 2GM/IV/TID
5 INJ LABETALOL20mg(bolus) 5mg/hr(infusion)
6 TAB PCM 650MG/PO/SOS
7 TAB NICAARDIA 10MG/PO/OD if BP>160/100mmhg
8 TAB ULTRACET 1/2 TAB QID
9 TAB METXL 50MG/PO/OD
10 Monitor vitals 2nd hourly, GRBS 4th hourly
11 Strict I/O charting
12 INFORM SOS

Day 4 ICU


S:
No Fever spikes 
No headache
No blurring of vision

O:
Pt is c/c/c
Sensorium improved
Gcs: E4V5M6
Oriented to time, place, person
Bp: 140/100 mmhg
Pr: 88bpm
Sat: 99 on RA
Pedal edema -
Cvs: s1,s2 heard, jvp not raised 
Rs: BAE + NVBS heard
P/A: Soft, non tender 
Cns: HMF intact, speech normal, Gait normal , reflexes normal
A:
Meningitis secondary to ?viral ?bacterial with AKI resolving with HFrEF (47% EF) with k/c/o HTN since 1 yr under unknown medication.

P:
IVF U.O + 30ml
Tab LASIX 40mg po od
D3: Inj DEXA 6mg iv od
D5: Inj CEFTRIAXONE 2g iv bd
Tab NICARDIA RETARD 20mg po tid
Tab METXL 50Mg po od/bd
Tab TELMA 40mg po od
Tab ARKAMINE 0.1mg po bd
Tab ULTRACET 1/2 Tab qid
Tab PCM 650mg po SOS
Strict i/o charting
Inform SOS


Day 5 

S:
No Fever spikes 
No headache
No blurring of vision

O:
Pt is c/c/c
Sensorium improved
Gcs: E4V5M6
Oriented to time, place, person
Bp: 140/100 mmhg
Pr: 88bpm
Sat: 99 on RA
Pedal edema -
Cvs: s1,s2 heard, jvp not raised 
Rs: BAE + NVBS heard
P/A: Soft, non tender 
Cns: HMF intact, speech normal, Gait normal , reflexes normal
A:
Meningitis secondary to ?viral ?bacterial with AKI resolving with HFrEF (47% EF) with k/c/o HTN since 1 yr under unknown medication.

P:
IVF U.O + 30ml
Tab LASIX 40mg po od
D3: Inj DEXA 6mg iv od
D5: Inj CEFTRIAXONE 2g iv bd
Tab NICARDIA RETARD 20mg po tid
Tab METXL 50Mg po od/bd
Tab TELMA 40mg po od
Tab ARKAMINE 0.1mg po bd
Tab ULTRACET 1/2 Tab qid
Tab PCM 650mg po SOS
Strict i/o charting
Inform SOS

Day 6


S
No fever spikes 
No blurring of vision
No headache

Pt is c/c/c
GCS -E4V5M6
BP 200/100 mm hg 
PR 86BPM REGULAR 
SAT -98% ON RA 
GRBS-107MG%
Pedal edema negative
CNS -S1,S2 heard JVP NOT RAISED 
RS- BAE+ NVBS HEARD 
P/A SOFT NON TENDER 
CNS - HIGHER MOTOR FUNCTIONS INTACT 
SPEECH - N ,GAIT - N ,
                   B         T         S        K      A      PLANTAR 
RIGHT     ++      ++         +       ++    +           F

LEFT       ++       ++        +       ++   +             F





Meningitis secondary to ?viral ?bacterial with AKI resolving with HFrEF (47% EF) with k/c/o HTN since 1 yr under unknown medication.

P

Tab lasix 40mg po od 4pm
Tab Telma H 40/12.5mg po od at 8 am
Tab Minipres XL 2.5mg po od at 8 pm
Tab Met XL 50mg od at 2pm
Tab Cilnidipine 10mg po od 8pm















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